Volume: 56 Issue: 3
Year: 2025, Page: 429-435, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2025.56.3.429-435
Received: Dec. 10, 2024 Accepted: Feb. 11, 2025 Published: Sept. 30, 2025
The present study was conducted at Centre for Pig Production and Research, Mannuthy using eighteen gestating Large White Yorkshire (LWY) sowsfrom 75th day of gestation to 42nd day of farrowing to evaluate the effect of supplementing rendered fat at two different levels on intake and digestibility of nutrients. Experimental animals were grouped into three dietary treatments of six animals each following the completely randomized design. Control diet (C) was formulated as per NRC, 2012 (3300 kcal ME/kg feed and 18 per cent crude protein (CP). Other two dietary treatments were prepared by supplementation of control diet with rendered fat at five (SF5) and ten (SF10) percent levels. All sows were received experimental diets from 75th day of gestation to four weeks after farrowing and were maintained on farm rations up to 42ndday of farrowing. The weekly average daily dry matter intake (DMI)of Control and SF5 diets were higher (p<0.05) than SF10 at most weeks of recording during the experimental periods. Higher digestibility (p<0.05) of CP was observed in dietary treatment SF5 and lowest in SF10 with CP digestibility of Control group statistically similar to other two groups. Supplemented diets (SF5 and SF10) however showed a higher digestibility (p<0.05) of ether extract and nitrogen free extract than control groups. Based on the overall results of present study, it could be concluded that supplementation of rendered fat at ten per cent level resulted in lower DMI.
Keywords: Digestibility, dry matter intake, rendered fat, LWY sows
AOAC [Association of Official Analytical Chemists]. 2016. Official Methods of Analysis. (20th Ed.). Association of official analytical chemists, Washington DC, 684p.
Cabezon, F.A., Schinckel, A.P., Leon, Y.L. and Craig, B.A. 2017. Analysis of lactation feed intakes for sows with extended lactation lengths. Transl. Anim. Sci.1: 90-96.
Cabezon, F.A., Schinckel, A.P., Richert, B.T., Stewart, K.R., Gandarillas, M. and Peralta, W.A. 2016. Analysis of lactation feed intakes for sows including data on environmental temperatures and humidity. Prof. Anim. Sci. Anim. Sci.32(3): 333-345.
Elanchezhian, N. 2013. Dietary modifications on lipid profile of pigs fed animal fat. Ph.D Thesis, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode. 212p.
Elanchezhian, N. and Ally, K. 2020. Replacement of maize by wheat bran on growth, feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility in pigs. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 9(5): 2916-2924.
Ewan, R.C. 2000. Energy utilization in swine nutrition. In: Lewis, A.J. and Southern, L.L. (eds.), Swine Nutrition (2nd Ed.). CRC press, Florida, USA, pp. 85-94.
Haridas, P.J., Ravishankar, C., Sumod, K., Rajasekhar, R., Anoopraj, R., Anjitha, G.S., Shashank, S. and John, K. 2023. Detection of porcine parvovirus in domestic pigs in North Kerala. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 54(3):840-844
Jin, S.S., Jin, Y.H., Jang, J.C., Hong, J.S., Jung, S.W. and Kim, Y.Y. 2018. Effects of dietary energy levels on physiological parameters and reproductive performance of gestating sows over three consecutive parities. Asian- Australas. J. Anim. Sci.31: 410-420.
Kerr, B.J., Kellner, T.A. and Shurson, G.C. 2015. Characteristics of lipids and their feeding value in swine diets. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) 6 (30):1-23.
Kongkeaw, A., Wichasit, N., Chot, O., Omthonglang, W. and Tartrakoon, W. 2022. Effects of ketogenic diet on growth performance and back fat thickness of finishing pigs. Khon. Kaen. Agri. J. 50(2): 440-447.
Lentle, R.G. and Janssen, P.W.M. 2008. Physical characteristics of digesta and their influence on flow and mixing in the mammalian intestine: A review. J. Comp. Physiol.178: 673-690.
Liao, C.W. and Veum, T.L. 1994. Effects of dietary energy intake by gilts and heat stress from 3 to 24 or 30 after mating on embryo survival and nitrogen and energy balance. J. Anim. Sci. 72: 2369-2377.
Lokhande, S. 2020. Impact of higher levels of dietary energy supplementation in the performance of sow and litter. M.V.Sc thesis, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, 69 p.
Mallmann, A.L., Betiolo, F.B., Camilloti, E., Mellagi, A.P.G., Ulguim, R. R., Wentz, I., Bernardi, M.L., Goncalves, M.A.D., Kummer, R. and Bortolozzo, F.P. 2018. Two different feeding levels during late gestation in gilts and sows under commercial conditions: impact on piglet birth weight and female reproductive performance. J. Anim. Sci.96: 4209-4219.
Mallmann, A.L., Camilotti, E., Fagundes, D.P., Vier, C. E., Mellagi, A.P.G., Ulguim, R.R., Bernardi, M.L., Orlando, U.A.D., Goncalves, M.A.D., Kummer, R. and Bortolozzo, F.P. 2019. Impact of feed intake during late gestation on piglet birth weight and reproductive performance: a dose response study performed in gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 97: 1262-1272.
McPherson, R.L., Ji, F., Wu, G., Blanton Jr, J.R. and Kim, S.W. 2004. Growth and compositional changes of fetal tissues in pigs. J. Anim. Sci.82: 2534-2540.
NRC [National Research Council]. 2012. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. (11th Ed.). National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 420p.
Quiniou, N., Richard, S., Mourot, J. and Etienne, M. 2008. Effect of dietary fat or starch supply during gestation and/or lactation on the performance of sows, piglets' survival and on the performance of progeny after weaning. Animal, 2(11): 1633-1644.
Reis, T.C., Aumaitre, A., Mourot, J. and Peiniau, J. 2000. Effect of graded levels of tallow in the diet on performance, digestibility of fat, lipogenesis and body lipid deposition of the weaned piglet. Aust. J. Anim. Sci.13(4): 497-505.
Rosero, D.S., vanHeugten, E., Odle, J., Cabrera, R., Arellano, C. and Boyd, R.D. 2012. Sow and litter response to supplemental dietary fat in lactation diets during high ambient temperatures. J. Anim. Sci.90: 550-559.
Saseendran, A. 2016. Effect of dietary supplementation of lecithin and carnitine on growth in piglets on high fat diet. M.V.Sc. thesis, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, 86 p.
Saseendran, A., Ally, K., Gangadevi, P. and Banakar, P.S. 2017. Effect of supplementation of lecithin and carnitine on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs fed high-fat diet. Vet. Wrld. 10(2):149-155.
Shelton, N.W., DeRouchey, J.M., Neill, C.R., Tokach, M.D., Dritz, S.S., Goodband, R.D. and Nelssen, J.L. 2009. Effects of increasing feeding level during late gestation on sow and litter performance. Kansas. Agri. Exp. Station. Research. Reports. 10: 38-50.
Snedecor, G.W. and Cochran, W.G. 1994. Statistical Methods. (8th Ed.) The Iowa State University Press, Ames, 503p.
Suresh, M. 2003. Effect of dietary potassium diformate on growth performance in large white Yorkshire pigs. M.V.Sc thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Mannuthy, 66 p.
Thiruveni, S. 2003. Influence of renedered fat in the diet of large white Yorkshire sows on litter performance. M.V.Sc thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Mannuthy, 114 p.
Tripura, S. 2018. Dietary incorporation of cooked barley and spent grapes as energy source in Large White Yorkshire sows. M.V.Sc thesis. Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, 76 p.
Tripura, S., Shyama, K., Ally, K., Ajith, K.S., Usha, A.P., Tarang, M., Vijaya Raghavendran, S., Mohammed, S. A. V., Lokhande, S. and Sumayya, K.K. (2021). Incorporation of cooked barley residue and spent grapes in the ration of pregnant Large White Yorkshire sows and their piglets. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 53:1-9.
van den Brand, H. 2000. Energy partitioning and reproduction in primiparous cows: Effects of dietary energy source. Ph.D Thesis, Wageningen University, Netherlands, 139p.
Zhang, S., Johnson, J. S., Qiao, M. and Trottier, N.L. 2020. Reduced protein diet with near ideal amino acid profile improves energy efficiency and mitigate heat production associated with lactation in sows (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), J. Anim. Sci. Biotech.11(4): 1-16.
© 2025 Mathew et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Mathew, J.J., Dipu, M.T., Ally, K., Lalu, K., Thirupathy, R.V. and Justin, D. 2025. Evaluation of feeding fat rich diets to Large White Yorkshire sows on feed intake and digestibility of nutrients.
J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 56 (3):429-435