Volume: 57 Issue: 1
Year: 2026, Page: 133-139, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2026.57.1.133-139
Received: Oct. 6, 2025 Accepted: Jan. 7, 2026 Published: March 31, 2026
The study was carried out in six female cattle of different breeds, aged between six months to 10 years and weighing 100–480 kg, to assess haemato-biochemical and blood gas alterations during multimodal general anaesthesia. Pre-anaesthetic sedation was achieved with intramuscular injection of butorphanol, xylazine and ketamine at the dose rate of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 mg/kg body weight. Following sedation, all the animals were positioned in left lateral recumbency, and anaesthesia was induced with intravenous administration of double drip containing ketamine (1.0 mg/ mL) and guaiphenesin (50 mg/mL) to effect. Intubated the trachea and anaesthesia was maintained using isoflurane in 100% oxygen. A significant leukopenia was observed after induction of anaesthesia. No significant changes were observed in total erythrocyte count, volume of packed red cells, platelet count, or haemoglobin concentration before and during maintenance of anaesthesia. A non-significant anaemia, lymphocytosisand neutropenia, along with mild fluctuations in aspartate aminotransferase and a significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase level wererecorded during maintenance of anaesthesia. Blood pH showed a significant reduction (p<0.01) after induction and during maintenance, whereas PvCO₂ (p<0.01), PvO₂ (p<0.01) and glucose values increased significantly post-induction and during maintenance of anaesthesia. Blood bicarbonate and base excess levels, however, remained unaltered throughout the procedure.
Keywords: Multimodal general anaesthesia, cattle, blood gas, haemato-biochemical changes
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© 2026 Riya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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Riya, J., Syam, K.V., Anoop, S., Reji, V., Soumya, R. & Karthiayini, K. (2026). Haemato-biochemical and blood gas changes in cattle under multimodal general anaesthesia using guaiphenesin-ketamine-isoflurane with butorphanolxylazine- ketamine premedication. Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 57(1), 133-139 https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2026.57.1.133-139