Volume: 56 Issue: 4
Year: 2025, Page: 593-599, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2025.56.4.593-599
Received: Aug. 11, 2025 Accepted: Oct. 13, 2025 Published: Dec. 31, 2025
Seventy two adult male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into three groups with 24 rats. Calvarium of each rat was subjected to creation of 4.0 mm critical sized defect under general anaesthesia. The defect was treated with silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite biocomposite in Group I. Combination of silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite biocomposite with 50μL of freshly prepared homologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was applied into the defect in Group II. The defect of Group III was kept free of any biomaterial. Dorso-ventral radiographs of the rat skull were taken on the day of surgery, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week to evaluate the healing of the defect. Gray scale of radiographic images were recorded and analysed by using Image J software. In the present study, the PRP treated group exhibited significant enhancement of the gray scale on 12th week compared to Group I and III and hence it was concluded that the silicacollagen- hydroxyapatite biocomposite along with PRP significantly increased the new bone formation in critical sized calvarial defects radiographically.
Keywords: Silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite, homologous platelet-rich plasma, rat, calvarial defect model, gray scale
Bacevich, B.M., Smith, R.D.J., Reihl, A.M., Mazzocca, A.D. and Hutchinson, I.D. 2024. Advances with platelet-rich plasma for bone healing. Biol. Targets Ther. 18: 29-59.https://doi.org/10.2147/BTT.S290341.
Bosetti, M. and Cannas, M. 2005. The effect of bioactive glass on bone marrow stromal cells differentiation. Biomaterials. 26:3873-3879.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.09.059.
Chen, C.K., Chang, N.J., Wu, Y.T., Fu, E., Shen, E.C., Feng, C.W. and Wen, Z.H. 2018. Bone formation using cross-linked chitosan scaffolds in rat calvarial defects. Implant Dent. 27:15-21. 10.1097/ID.0000000000000670.
Costa, K. J., Gala-García, A., Passos, J. J., Santos, V.R., Sinisterra, R. D., Lanza, C. R. and Cortés, M. E. 2019. Testosterone improves the osteogenic potential of a composite in vitro and in vivo. Cell Tissue Res. 376: 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-018-2970-3
Dinesh, P.T., Venugopal, S.K., Martin, J.K.D., Devanand, C.B., Pillai, U.N. and Nair, D. 2018. Radiographic Evaluation of Healing of Critical Size Defects of Femur Treated with Tri-Phasic Composite Bio-Ceramic Implants in Rat Models. Ind. J. Nat. Sci. 9:15504-15507.
Dinesh, A., Dinesh, P.T., Fernandez, F.B., Sooryadas, S., Pradeep, M., Anoop, S., Jineshkumar, N.S., Remya, V. and Verma, H.K. 2024. Radiographic observations on healing of critical size calvarial defects treated with polyvinyl alcohol-hydroxyapatite composite ceramic in rat models. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb. 9: 1236-1238.https://doi.org/10.22271/veterinary.2024.v9.i1q.1123.
Gomes, P.S. and Fernandes, M.H. 2011. Rodent models in bone-related research: the relevance of calvarial defects in the assessment of bone regeneration strategies. Lab. Anim. 45: 14-24.https://doi.org/10.1258/la.2010.010085.
Isler, S.C., Cansiz, E., Tanyel, C., Soluk, M., Selvi, F. and Cebi, Z. 2011. The effect of irrigation temperature on bone healing. Int. J. Med. Sci. 8: 704 – 708. 10.7150/ijms.8.704.
Kim, T.H., Kim, S.H., Sándor, G.K. and Kim, Y.D. 2014. Comparison of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) in rabbit-skull defect healing. Arch. Oral Biol. 59: 550-558.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.02.004.
Lieshout, E.M.M.V. and Hartog, D.D. 2021. Effect of Platelet-rich plasma on fracture healing. Injury. 52: 58-66.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2020.12.005.
Magat, G. and Sener, S.O. 2019. Evaluation of trabecular pattern of mandible using fractal dimension, bone area fraction, and gray scale value: comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography. Oral Radiol. 35: 35-42.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11282-018-0316-1.
Manasa, M., Dinesh, P.T., Fernandez, F.B., Sooryadas, S., Palekkodan, H., Anoop, S., Jineshkumar, N.S., Remya, V. and Varma, H.K. 2023. Radiographic evaluation of healing of critical size calvarial defects treated with decellularised tissue engineered HAS i in rat models. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 54: 916-920.
Marx, R.E. 2004. Platelet-rich plasma: evidence to support its use. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 62: 489-496.10.1016/j.joms.2003.12.003.
Messora, M.R., Nagata, M.J.H., Furlaneto, F.A.C., Dornelles, R.C.M., Bomfim, S.R.M., Deliberador, T.M., Garcia, V.G. and Bosco, A.F. 2011. A standardized research protocol for platelet-rich plasma (PRP) preparation in rats. Rev. Sul-Bras. Odontol. 8:299-304.
Penteado, L.A., Colombo, C.E., Penteado, R.A., Assis, A.O. and Gurgel, B.C., 2013. Evaluation of bioactive glass and platelet-rich plasma for bone healing in rabbit calvarial defects. J. Oral Sci. 55: 225-232. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.55.225.
Sadegh, A.B., Karimi, I., Shadkhast, M., Mahdavi, M.H. 2015. Hydroxyapatite and demineralized calf fetal growth plate effects on bone healing in rabbit model. J. Orthopaed. Traumatol. 16:141-149.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10195-014-0323-x.
Scabbia, A. and Trombelli, L. 2004. A comparative study on the use of a HA/collagen/chondroitin sulphate biomaterial (Biostite®) and a bovine‐derived HA xenograft (Bio‐Oss®) in the treatment of deep intra‐osseous defects. J. Clinic. Periodontol. 31: 348-355.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00483.x.
Spicer, P.P., Kretlow, J.D., Young, S., Jansen, J.A., Kasper, F.K. and Mikos, A.G. 2012. Evaluation of bone regeneration using the rat critical size calvarial defect. Nat.Protoc. 7:1918-1929. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2012.113.
Weibrich, G., Hansen, T., Kleis, W., Buch, R. and Hitzler, W. E. 2004. Effect of platelet concentration in platelet-rich plasma on peri-implant bone regeneration. Bone. 34: 665-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2003.12.010.
© 2025 Deny et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Jennes, D., Philip, L.M., Venugopal, S.K., Anoop, S., Devi, S.S., Chandrasekhar, L. and Fernandez, F.B. 2025. Radiographic evaluation of healing of critical size calvarial defect treated with silica-collagen-hydroxyapatite and homologous platelet-rich plasma in rat model. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 56 (4): 593-599