Volume: 53 Issue: 2
Year: 2022, Page: 235-240, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2022.53.2.235-240
Received: Aug. 18, 2021 Accepted: Oct. 27, 2021 Published: June 30, 2022
Biowaste management is a pertinent problem and nutrient recycling utilizing fly larvae is an emerging solution. The leachate produced during biowaste management has potential implications for the environment but studies on this issue are scanty. This study was conducted to assess the characteristics of leachate produced during the bioconversion of food (BW-I) and poultry slaughter waste (BW-II) by natural fly larval activity. The results showed that total volumes of 2.2 L and 1.1 L leachate were produced for BW-I and II respectively. The highest pH in BW-I leachate was 7.43 ± 0.01 and the lowest pH in BW-II was 3.30 ± 0.12. The highest levels of BOD in BW-I and II were 36733.33 ± 430.63 mg/l and 2800.000 ± 999.50 mg/l. The highest level of COD in BW-I was 52575.000 ± 1076.86mg/l while in BW-II it was 4316.67 ± 790.45 mg/l. The high BOD and COD values of the leachate indicated that they needed to be pretreated before being released into the environment.
Keywords: Food waste, poultry slaughter waste, leachate, BOD, COD
Al-Yaqout, A. F., Hamoda, M. F. and Zafar, M. 2005. Characteristics of wastes, leachate, and gas at landfills operated in arid climate. Pract. Period. Hazard. Toxic Radioact. Waste Mgmt. 9: 97-102
APHA [American Public Health Association]. 2012. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater (22nd Ed.). American Public Health Association, Washington, D C. USA, 1496p
Chávez, C. P., Castillo, R. L., Dendooven, L. and Silva, E. M. E. 2005. Poultry slaughter wastewater treatment with an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor Bioresour. Technol. 96: 1730-1736.
Cruz, F. B. D. 2020. Effects of Food Waste Diversion on Leachate Quality. Environmental Research and Education Foundation. 56p. Available: https://erefdn.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/EREF-Effect-of-FW-Diversion-on-Leachate-Final-Report-2020.pdf [19 jun. 2021]
Feng, S. Honga, X. Wanga, T. Huangd, X. Tonge, Y. and Yang, H. 2019. Reutilization of high COD leachate via recirculation strategy for methane production in anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste: Performance and dynamic of methanogen community, Bioresour. Technol. 288. Available: https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121509 [28 Jun. 2019].
Ghanem, I. I. I., Gu, G. and Zhu. J. 2001. Leachate production and disposal of kitchen food solid waste by dry fermentation for biogas generation. Renewable Energy. 23: 673-684.
Hernández-García, A. Velásquez-Orta, S. B. Novelo, E. Yáñez-Noguez, I. Monje-Ramírez, I. and Ledesma M. T. O. 2019. Wastewater-leachate treatment by microalgae: biomass, carbohydrate and lipid production. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 174 : 435-444.
Joseph, B. A. 2011. Assessment and alleviation of environmental stress on productive performance of rabbits. Ph D. thesis, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, 158p.
Kylefors, K. 1997. Landfill leachate management short and long term perspectives . Licentiate thesis, Lulea University of Technology. Sweden. 55p.
Lee, A. H., Nikraz, H. and Hung, Y. T. 2010. Influence of waste age on landfill leachate quality. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev. 1 (4) : 347-350.
Marcheggiani, S., Cesarini, G., Puccinelli, C., Chiudioni, F., Mancini, L., Angelici, C. and Tancioni, L. 2019. An Italian local study on assessment of the ecological and human impact of water abstraction. Microchem. J. 104016. Available: http://doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.104016 [12. Jun 2019].
Oviedo-Ocaña, E. R., Torres-Lozada, P., Marmolejo-Rebellon, L. F., Hoyos, L. V., Gonzales, S., Barrena, R., Sanchez, A. 2015. Stability and maturity of biowaste composts derived by small municipalities: Correlation among physical, chemical and biological indices. Waste Mgmt. 44 : 63-71.
Rajakumar, R. Meenambal, T. Banu, J. R. and Yeom, I. T. 2011. Treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater in upflow anaerobic filter under low up flow velocity. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 8 (1): 149-158.
Sall, P. M., Antoun, H., Chalifour, F. P. and Beauchamp, C. J. 2019. Cogent Food Agric. 5: 1 Available: doi: 10.1080/23311932.2019.1580180 [31 Jun. 2021].
Sarpong, D., Kwarteng, S. O., Gyasi, S. F., Buamah, R., Donkor, E., Botchway E. Y. and. Acquah, S. 2018. Biodegradation of heterogeneous mixture of organic fraction of municipal solid waste by Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) under the tropical climate conditions Int. J. Innov. Sci., Engng. Technol. 5 (3): 244-254
USDA [The United States Department of Agriculture]. 2004. Carcass disposal: A comprehensive review. National Agricultural Biosecurity Center Consortium Carcass Disposal Working Group, USDA California. 717p.
Wang, H., Zhang, Z., Czapar, G. F., Winkler, M. K. and Zheng, J. 2013. A full-scale house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae bioconversion system for value-added swine manure reduction. Waste Mgmt. Res. 31 (2): 223-231
Wu, P. and Mittal, G. 2012. Characterization of provincially inspected slaughterhouse wastewater in Ontario, Canada. Can. Biosyst. Eng. 53, 6.9e6.18. Available : http://www. csbe-scgab.ca/docs/journal/54/C12062.pdf. [12 May 2020].
Yuan, Q., Saunders, S. E., and Bartelt-Hunt, S. L. 2012. Methane and carbon dioxide production from simulated anaerobic degradation of cattle carcasses. Waste Mgmt. 32 (5) : 939-943.
Zamri, M. F. M. A., Yusoff, M. S., Aziz, H. A. and Rui, L. M. 2016. The effectiveness of oil palm trunk waste derived coagulant for landfill leachate treatment. In: Abdullah, M. H. R. O. Min, Y. H., Bashar, N. A. M. and S. M. F. S. A. Nasir (eds), Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Advanced Science, Engineering and Technology (ICASET 2015); 21st –22nd December 2015, Penang, Special Interest Group in Forensic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia. Available: https:\\doi:10.1063/1.4965073 [22nd May 2021].
© 2022 Deepak Mathew et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Deepak Mathew, D. K., Kannan, A., Mathew, J., Suraj, P.T., Sunil, B., Shyama, K. and Pathrose, B. 2022. Characteristics of the leachate produced during nutrient recycling of food and poultry slaughter wastes by fly larvae. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 53(2): 235-240
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2022.53.2.235-240