Volume: 51 Issue: 2
Year: 2020, Page: 142-145,
Received: Aug. 13, 2019 Accepted: Sept. 28, 2019 Published: July 1, 2020
Hyperplasia of vaginal mucous membrane is an unusual reproductive disorder observed in canines. It is the protrusion of oedematous vaginal tissue into and through the opening of the vulva occurring during proestrus and oestrus stages of the sexual cycle. This study was aimed to find out the overall occurrence of canine vaginal hyperplasia and its occurrence based on breeds, age, parity and stage of oestrous cycle. The occurrence of canine vaginal hyperplasia was 1.02 per cent. The highest occurrence of vaginal hyperplasia within a breed was observed in Labrador retrievers (48.94%), while the lowest occurrence was in German shepherd, Spitz, and Dachshund breeds (2.13%). The highest occurrence was recorded in dogs of one to two years old (43.62%) and the lowest occurrence in dogs of above 4 years of age (13.83%). Highest occurrence of vaginal hyperplasia was found in nulliparous (60.71%) and in intact dogs (100%).
Keywords: Occurrence, Vaginal hyperplasia, Breed, Age
Ajadi, T.A., Ajayi, O.L., Adeniyi, A.A. and Ajadi, R.A. 2016. Vaginal wall hyperplasia with fold prolapse in an eight-month-old Cane Corso dog. Bulgarian J. Vet. Med. 19: 252-258.
Chandrapuria, V.P. and Somil, R. 2013. Surgical management of vaginal hyperplasia in canines- a report of 10 cases. Intas Polivet. 14:145-147.
Gouletsou, P.G., Galatos, A.D., Apostolidis, K. and Sideri, A.I. 2009. Vaginal fold prolapse during the last third of pregnancy, followed by normal parturition, in a bitch. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 112: 371-376.
Jayakumar, C., Sudha, G. and Kantharaj, S. 2016. A rare case of complete vaginal prolapse in an advanced pregnant bitch. Indian J. Anim. Reprod. 37: 59-60.
Johnston, S.D. 1989. Vaginal prolapse. In: Kirk, R.W. (ed.), Current Veterinary Therapy. (10th Ed.). W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp.1302-1305.
Kim, B.S., Kim, H.S., Kim, K.C., Park, C.H., Oh, K.S. and Son, C.H. 2008. Vaginal prolapse by ovarian follicular cysts in a female Jin-do dog. Korean J. Vet. Res. 48: 223-225.
Kumar, V.A.C. 2013. Studies on the incidence, risk factors and medical management of canine vaginal prolapse. MVSc thesis, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Bidar, 83p.
Manothaiudom, K. and Johnston, S.D. 1991. Clinical approach to vaginal/vestibular masses in the bitch. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Practice. 21: 509-521.
Mcnamara, P.S., Harvey, H.J. and Dykes, N. 1997. Chronic vaginocervical prolapse with visceral incarceration in a dog. J. Am. Hosp. Assoc. 33: 533–536.
Nak, D., Nak, Y. and Yilmazbas, G. 2008. First report of vaginal prolapse in an ovariohysterectomised bitch. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy. 52: 397-398.
Post, K., Van Haaften, B. and Okkens, A. C. 1991. Vaginal hyperplasia in the bitch: Literature review and commentary. Can. Vet. J. 32: 35–37.
Schutte, A.P. 1967a. Canine vaginal cytology - I: Technique and Cytological Morphology. J. Small Anim. Pract. 8: 301-306.
Sontas, H.B., Ekici, H. and Romagnoli, S. 2010. Canine vaginal fold prolapse: a comprehensive literature review. Eur. J. Companion Anim. Practices. 20:127- 137.
Trager, C.P. 1970. Vaginal prolapse in the bitch. Mod. Vet. Practice. 51: 38–41.
© 2020 Anila et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Anila, B., Bibin, B. B., Jayakumar, C., Shibu, S., Indu V. R. and Kurien, M.O. 2020. Occurrence of vaginal hyperplasia among intact dogs. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 51(2): 142-145.