Volume: 54 Issue: 2
Year: 2023, Page: 413-418, Doi: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2023.54.2.413-418
Received: Nov. 9, 2022 Accepted: Feb. 13, 2023 Published: June 30, 2023
Many plants and plant-derived products have been used in the preparation of traditional medicine to prevent and treat various diseases. Even though medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds, analysis of their composition is a prerequisite along with an evaluation of their cytotoxicity. The haemolytic test determines the ability of any compound to destroy red blood cells, leading to the release of haemoglobin. Plants Chrysopogon zizanioides and Acorus calamus have been reported to exhibit several medicinal properties. Hence this study was designed to elucidate the medicinal plant extracts by phytochemical analysis and to evaluate the haemolytic potential of methanolic extracts of the root of Chrysopogon zizanioides and rhizome of Acorus calamus, towards the human erythrocytes, using spectrophotometer. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids and carbohydrates in the crude extract of both plants. From the results of this study, it is clear that the percentage of haemolysis increases with an increase in the concentration of crude extract of the root of Chrysopogon zizanioides and rhizome of Acorus calamus treatments. However, in both the treated groups, the haemolysis percentage was very less; indicating that these extracts are safe for human erythrocytes.
Keywords: Phytochemicals, haemolysis, Chrysopogon zizanioides, Acorus calamus
Asha Devi, S. and Deepak Ganjewala. 2011. Antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts of Sweet-flag (Acorus calamus) leaves and rhizomes. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 17: 1-11. DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2010.509659.
Arshath, M., Rahila, M. P., Smitha, J. L., Athira, S. and Sudheerbabu, P. 2022. Curry leaf (Murraya koeneigii) extract as a natural source of antioxidants for enhancing the oxidative and thermal stability of ghee. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 53: 450-457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2022.53.3.450-457.
Asakawa, Y. 2001. Recent advances in phytochemistry of bryophytes-acetogenins, terpenoids and bis (bibenzyl) from selected Japanese, Taiwanese, New Zealand, Argentinean and European liverworts. Phytochemistry. 56: 297–312. DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00454-4.
Balakumbahan, R., Rajamani, K and Kumanan, K. 2010. Acorus calamus: An overview. J. Med. Plant. Res. 4: 2740-2745. DOI: org/10.5897/JMPR.9000038.
Casarotti, S. N. and Jorge, N. 2012. Antioxidant activity of rosemary extract in soybean oil under thermoxidation. J. Food Process Preserv. 38: 136–145. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-4549.2012.00755.x.
Cheng X., Xiao Y., Wang X., Wang P., Li H., Yan H. and Liu Q. 2012. Anti-tumor and pro-apoptotic activity of ethanolic extract and its various fractions from Polytrichum commune L. ex Hedw in L1210 cells, J. Ethnopharmacol. 143: 49–56. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.054.
Dong, D., Dong, M., Liu, K., Lu, Y. and Yu, B. 2017.Antioxidant activity of queen bee larvae processed by enzymatic hydrolysis. J. Food Process. Preserv. 42: e13461. DOI:10.1111/jfpp.13461.
Eric Da Silva, Patrick Shahgaldian and Anthony, W. 2004. Coleman. Hemolytic properties of some water-soluble para-sulfonato-calix-(n)-arenes. Int. J. Pharm. 273: 57-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.12.008.
Fong, H. S. 2002. Interaction of herbal medicine into modern medical practices: issues and prospects. J. Integr Cancer Ther. 1: 287–93. DOI: 10.1177/153473540200100313.
Ghosh T., Biswas, M. K., Chatterjee S. and Roy P. 2018. In-vitro study on the hemolytic activity of different extracts of Indian medicinal plant Croton bonplandianum with phytochemical estimation: a new era in drug development. J. Drug Deli. Ther. 8: 155-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i4.1747.
Gouvinhas, I., Machado, J., Gomes, S., Lopes, J., Martins-Lopes, P. and Barros, A. 2014. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of mono varietal and commercial portuguese olive oils. J. Am Oil Chem Soc; 91: 1197–1203. doi: 10.1007/s11746-014-2462-x.
Hashemi, S. M. B., Khaneghah, A. M., Koubaa, M., Barba, F., Abedi, E., Niakousari, M. and Tavakoli, J. 2018. Extraction of essential oil from Aloysia citriodora Palau leaves using continuous and pulsed ultrasound: kinetics, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties. Process Biochem. 65: 197–204. doi: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.10.020.
Henkelman, S., Rakhorst, G., Blanton, J. and Van Oeveren, W. 2009. Standardization of incubation conditions for haemolysis testing of biomaterials. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 29: 1650-1654. DOI.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.01.002.
Ibrahim, I. H., Sallam, S. M., Omar, H., Rizk. M. 2006. Oxidative Hemolysis of Erythrocytes Induced by Various Vitamins. Int J Biomed Sci. 2: 295- 298.
Kataria, S., Bharadwaj, S., Middha, A. 2011. Standardization of medicinal plant materials. Int J Res Ayurveda Pharm. 2: 1100-1109.
Keerthika, V., Nisha, A. R., Suresh, N. N., Preethy, J., Ramnath, V., Shankar, R. and Arya, M. 2022. Phytochemical analysis and biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of seeds of Sesamum indicum. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 53: 262-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2022.53.2.
Mahady G. B. 2001. Global harmonization of herbal health claims. The J. Nutri. 131: 1120S–1123S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.3.1120S.
Mebrahtom G. 2012. In vitro erythrocyte hemolysis inhibition properties of Senna singueana extracts. Momona Ethiop j. Sci. 4: 16-28. DOI: org/10.4314/mejs.v4i2.80113.
Mehboob H. Sandeep D., Pawan G. and Mohammed S. 2013. Oleic acid may be the key contributor in the BAMLET Induced erythrocyte hemolysis and tumoricidal action. PLOS ONE 8: e68390. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068390.
Raja, A. E. Vijayalakshmi M and Devalarao G. 2009. Acorus calamus Linn. Chemistry and biology. J. Pharm. and Tech. 2: 256-261.
Shahidi, F. and Naczk, M. 1995. Book on Food phenolics: Sources, Chemistry, Effects, Applications. Technomic Publishing. Co., pp. 281-313.
Suhartati Djarkasi. G. S., Lana E. Lalujan., Erny Nurali and Maria F. Sumual. 2019. Antioxidant activity of Karimenga (Acorus calamus). AIP conference proceedings. 2155. DOI: org/10.1063/1.5125555.
Vinjamuri S., Syeda A., Sowmya S., Saraswathi V. J. 2015. Evaluation of haemolytic activity, atpase inhibitory activity and antitumor activity of TLC extract of Lemon grass (Cymbpogon citrates). Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Res. 7: 785-78.
© 2023 Kumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are
credited.
Mohan Kumar H. M. and Suhashini, R. 2023 Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of haemolytic potential of methanolic extracts of root of Chrysopogon zizanioides and rhizome of Acorus calamus. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 54(2):413-418
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2023.54.2.413-418