evaluation of haematological and serum biochemical profile of propofol induced isoflurane anaesthesia in geriatric dogs premedicated with diazepam and butorphanol

Copyright: © 2021 Manasa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Citation: Manasa, M.R., Dileepkumar, K.M., Anoop, S., Ramankutty, S., Beena, V. and John Martin, K.D. 2021. Evaluation of haematological and serum biochemical profile of propofol induced isofluraneanaesthesia in geriatric dogs premedicated with diazepam and butorphanol. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 52(1): 81-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51966/jvas.2021.52.1.81-84 evaluation of haematological and serum biochemical profile of propofol induced isoflurane anaesthesia in geriatric dogs premedicated with diazepam and butorphanol

and administered according to the health of the animal. This paper places on record of haematological and serum biochemical profile of propofol induced isoflurane anaesthesia in geriatric dogs premedicated with diazepam and butorphanol.

Materials and Methods
Six geriatric dogs aged from ten to nineteen years of various breeds of either sex presented to the University Veterinary Hospitals, at Mannuthy and Kokkalai of Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for various surgical procedures were selected for the study. All the animals were subjected for thorough preanaesthetic evaluation before surgery. Food was withheld for 12 hours and water for six hours before administration of the anaesthesia. Diazepam at the dose rate of 0.25mg per kg body weight and butorphanol at the dose rate of 0.2mg per kg body weight were administered intravenously as pre-anaesthetic medication at one minute interval. After ten minutes of premedication, pre-oxygenation was carried out in all animals for three minutes. After pre-oxygenation, propofol (1% w/v) emulsion was administered as slow intravenous bolus injection, to effect general anaesthesia. Soon after induction animals were intubated with appropriate sized endotracheal tube. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen at the rate of 100 mL/kg body weight, by using Bain's circuit system incorporated with isoflurane vapourizer.
All the vital parameters were monitored during preanaesthesia, maintenance and recovery period. Blood sample for haematological and serum biochemical studies was collected and analysed before premedication, ten minutes after commencement of isoflurane administration and after recovery from general anaesthesia. The parameters like rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, heart rate, capillary refilling time and colour of mucus membrane were observed after administration of anaesthesia in every five minutes were recorded. The animals were prepared for the relevant surgical procedures, under strict aseptic conditions and surgery was performed as per standard procedures.
Amoxicillin at the dose rate of 10 mg per kg body weight IV and meloxicam at the dose rate of 0.2 mg per kg body weight IM was administered before the surgery to all the animals. Postoperatively, animals were maintained with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs orally for five consecutive days.

results and Discussion
The mean age of geriatric dogs selected for the study was 13.33 ± 1.33 years and the mean body weight was 15.8 ± 2.40 kg.
The mean values of the haematological and biochemical parameters are expressed in Table  1 and 2.
The mean value of total erythrocyte count and the mean total leucocyte count decreased after ten minutes of isoflurane commencement with non-significant and significant changes respectively and returned to baseline values after recovery from surgical plane of general anaesthesia with significant and non-significant changes respectively. Similar results were obtained with propofol-isoflurane anaesthesia in dogs by Kavechiya (2010). The reason for decreased total erythrocyte count might be the pooling of red blood cells in the spleen because of stimulated adrenocortical area and the interstitial fluid migrating in to the circulating compartment (Sankar et al., 2011). Isoflurane is more immunosuppressive compared to propofol and thus might have resulted in the decreased leucocyte count due to changes in the anti-inflammatory cytokines during trans-anaesthetic period (Tomihari et al., 2015).
The mean lymphocyte count increased non-significantly while mean monocytes per cent increased significantly after ten minutes of isoflurane commencement which returned to baseline values after recovery from anaesthesia without any significant change. The mean granulocytes per cent decreased after ten minutes of isoflurane commencement which returned to baseline values after recovery from anaesthesia without any significant change. The results are in accordance with the observations made by Kavechiya (2010) Means with '*' as superscript within a row differ significantly at 5% significance level for changes of lymphocyte, monocyte and granulocyte per cent during propofol-isoflurane anaesthesia. The reason could be stimulation of lymphocytes and neutrophils by glucocorticoids due to stimulation at adrenocortical region during general anaesthesia (Brand et al., 2003).
The mean haemoglobin, volume of packed red cells, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine decreased after ten minutes of isoflurane commencement and returned to baseline values after recovery from anaesthesia without any significance. The results are in agreement with the observations made by Sen and Kilic (2018) with propofolisoflurane anaesthesia in geriatric dogs. According to Sankar et al. (2011) the reason for the decrease in haemoglobin concentration could be due to pooling of erythrocytes in to the spleen. Decreased total erythrocyte count might have also attributed to the decrease in the haemoglobin level during general anaesthesia. During general anaesthesia the interstitial fluid migrating in to the circulating compartment (Sankar et al., 2011), might also have led to haemo dilution and subsequent reduction in volume of packed red cells values (Kavechiya, 2010). The reason for the reduction in hepatic function parameters during anaesthetic period could be due to hepatic hypoperfusion with anaesthetic agents (Meierhenrich et al. 2009). Since liver and kidney functions will not be altered by isoflurane anaesthesia (Sen and Kilic, 2018), the values like creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were within the normal range in all the animals under study.

conclusion
The quality of sedation, induction, maintenance and recovery from general anaesthesia were good without any complications. The present anaesthetic protocol was found be safe in the geriatric