Volume: 50 Issue: 2
ASSESSMENT OF RUMINAL METHANOGEN COMPOSITION AND METHANE EMISSION LEVELS IN CROSSBRED AND VECHUR COWS UNDER THE SAME DIETARY REGIMEN
Tina Sadan1, T.V. Aravindakshan2, G. Radhika3, Lali F Anand4 and K. Ally5
1. M.V.Sc Scholar, [email protected], Mob: 9400675241 2. Professor and Head 3. Assistant Professor 4. Assistant Professor 5 Professor and Head, Department of Animal Nutrition
Year: 2019,
Page: 100-107,
Received: Aug. 21, 2018
Accepted: Oct. 23, 2018
Published: July 1, 2019
Abstract
The rumen microbial community plays a critical role in methane emission from ruminants. However, there is a lack of data comparing the composition of the rumen methanogenic community of cattle breeds of Kerala. Present study was undertaken with the objective of assessing rumen methanogen composition and methane emission levels of crossbred and Vechur cattle. All the animals were fed with ration of 50:50 (forage: concentrate) diet on dry matter basis for a period of three weeks. Rumen liquor and rumen gas samples were collected. DNA isolated from rumen liquor using standard procedure were pooled genetic group wise and subjected to whole metagenome sequencing and further bioinformatics analysis. The concentrations of methane (percentage) in gas samples were determined using a methane analyser. Research findings revealed that bacteria was the most dominant and archaea was the second prominent domain found in rumen of both genetic groups. Phylum Euryarchaeota of the domain Archaea constitute methanogens. At family level, Methanomassiliicoccaceae, Methanomicrobiaceae, Methanobacteriaceae were the predominant methanogens in crossbred and Vechur rumen. Population of specific methanogens were found to be significantly differs between genetic groups. Biodiversity indices displayed higher richness, evenness and diversity for rumen methanogens in Vechur cows compared to crossbred. Comparative analysis of methane emission levels in crossbred and Vechur confirmed the effect of genetic group on methane emission from rumen.
Keywords: Rumen metagenome, methane emission, methanogen composition, Vechur cattle, crossbred cattle
References
- FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]. Livestock a Major Threat to the Environment: Remedies Urgently Needed. 2006. Available:http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2006/1000448/index.html.
- Hammer, Harper, D.A.T., Ryan, P. D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica. 4:1- 9.
- Hook, S.E., Wright, A.D.G. and McBride, B.W. 2010. Methanogens: methane producers of the rumen and mitigation strategies. Archaea. [on line]. 2010. Available: doi:10.1155/2010/945785. [7 Dec 2010].
- Huson, D.H., Auch, A.F., Qi, J. and Schuster, S.C. 2007. MEGAN analysis of metagenomic data. Genome Res. [on line]. 17(3). Available: doi:10.1101/gr.5969107. [25 Jan 2007].
- ICAR [Indian Council of Agricultural Research]. 2013. Nutrient requirements of Animals- Cattle and Buffalo. (3rd Ed.). Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. 24p.
- IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2015. Climate change 2014. Mitigation of climate change. (Vol. 3). Cambridge, University Press.
- Janssen, P.H. 2010. Influence of hydrogen on rumen methane formation and fermentation balances through microbial growth kinetics and fermentation thermodynamics. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 160:1-22.
- King, E.E., Smith, R.P., St-Pierre, B. and Wright, A.D.G. 2011. Differences in the rumen methanogen population of lactating Jersey and Holstein dairy cows under the same diet regimen. Appl. Enviro. microbiol. [on line]. Available: doi: 10.1128/AEM.05130-11. [24 June 2011].
- Kumar, S., Puniya, A.K., Puniya, M., Dagar, S.S., Sirohi, S.K., Singh, K. and Griffith, G.W. 2009.Factors affecting rumen methanogens and methane mitigation strategies. World J. Microbio.Biotech. 25:1557-1566.
- McAllister, T.A., Cheng, K.J., Okine, E.K. and Mathison, G.W. 1996. Dietary, environmental and microbiological aspects of methane production in ruminants. Canadian J. Anim. Sci.76:231-243.
- Parmar, N.R., Pandit, P.D., Purohit, H.J., Kumar, J.N. and Joshi, C.G. 2017. Influence of diet composition on cattle rumen methanogenesis: a comparative metagenomic analysis in Indian and exotic cattle. Indian J. Microbiol.57: 226-234.
- Parks, D.H., Tyson, G.W., Hugenholtz, P. and Beiko, R.G. 2014. STAMP: statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional profiles. Bioinformatics.30: 3123-3124.
- Shibata, M. and Terada, F. 2010.Factors affecting methane production and mitigation in ruminants. Anim. Sci. J. 81(1): 2-10.
- Shin, E.C., Choi, B.R., Lim, W.J., Hong, S.Y., An, C.L., Cho, K.M., Kim, Y.K., An, J.M., Kang, J.M., Lee, S.S. and Kim, H. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of archaea in three fractions of cow rumen based on the 16S rDNA sequence. Anaerobe.10: 313-319.
- Thauer, R.K., Kaster, A.K., Seedorf, H., Buckel, W. and Hedderich, R. 2008. Methanogenicarchaea: ecologically relevant differences in energy conservation. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6: 579-591.
- Wallace, R.J., Rooke, J.A., McKain, N., Duthie, C.A., Hyslop, J.J., Ross, D.W., Waterhouse, A., Watson, M. and Roehe, R. 2015. The rumen microbial metagenome associated with high methane production in cattle. BMC genomics. [on line]. 16(1). Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-2032-0. [23 Oct 2015].
- Whitford, M.F., Teather, R.M. and Forster, R.J. 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of methanogens from the bovine rumen. BMC Microbiol. [on line]. 1(1): Available: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-1-5. [16 May 2001].
Copyright
© 2019 Tina Sadan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.